The only occasion when a comma might appear after “and” is when the sentence is interrupted at that point by a parenthetical phrase set off by commas. Even if you start a sentence with an introductory “and,” you should not place a comma after it. When do you need a comma after “and”?Īs a general rule, you don’t need a comma after and. Example: Oxford commaJeremy and Paul have three cats: Whiskers, Daisy, and Tom. However, at the end of a list of three or more items, a comma may be used before “and.” This is called the Oxford comma (or serial comma). To support my friend, I listened to him and gave advice.To support my friend, I listened to him, and gave advice.Examples: “And” connecting verbs, adjectives, etc. ![]() When “and” joins two words like this, rather than joining two full independent clauses, it’s incorrect to use a comma. Use the best grammar checker available to check your comma placement quickly and easily.įix mistakes for free When you don’t need a comma before “and”Īs a conjunction, “and” can also connect all kinds of different words: adjectives, verbs, nouns, and so on. Examples: “And” connecting two short independent clausesJanice speaks and Justine listens. Most style guides do make an exception for short sentences where the two independent clauses are simple and closely related. Examples: Simplified phrasings with no comma requiredVeronica loves watching movies and goes to the theater at least twice a week.īob went to church on Sunday morning and handed out flyers in the afternoon. This way, you remove the need for a comma and make the sentence less repetitive. It rained yesterday, and it didn’t rain today.īut it’s often better to simplify phrasings like these by omitting the second subject. ![]() Examples: Comma before “and” connecting independent clausesVeronica loves watching movies, and she goes to the theater at least twice a week.īob went to church on Sunday morning, and he handed out flyers in the afternoon. This applies even when the second subject is a pronoun referring to the same person or thing as the first subject, or when the second clause repeats the same verb from the first. ![]() You can recognize that you need a comma before “and” when you’re connecting two clauses with separate subjects and verbs. When you don’t need a comma before “and”Ĭomma before “and” connecting independent clauses.Comma before “and” connecting independent clauses.
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